Marriot Corporation Essay

2. Is the proposed restructuring consistent with management’s responsibility? 3. The case describes two conceptions of managers’ fiduciary duty (p. 9). Which do you favor: the shareholder conception or the corporate conception? Does your stance make a difference in this case? 4. Should Mr. Marriott recommend the proposed restructuring to the board? Marriott Corporation (A) 1. Why is Marriott’s chief financial officer proposing Project Chariot? What is your assessment of MC’s financial condition? Is this project necessary for the company’s survival?. 2. Is Project Chariot consistent with management’s responsibilities? To bondholders? To shareholders? To the public? 3. The case describes two conceptions of manager’s fiduciary duty. Which do you favor: the shareholder conception or the corporate conception? Does your stance make a difference in this case? 4. Should Mr. Marriott recommend the proposed restructuring to the board? 5. Who will be affected by Project Chariot? Should MC make any concessions to the bondholders? ————————————————————————————————————————————– Ans. 1 Project Chariot involves a conflict of interest between the shareholders and the bondholders since in this case the debt being held by Marriott Corporation (MC) is risky. Project Chariot aims to create MII with low debt and HMC with high debt. Thus bondholders will find that their investment gets tied to risky real estate assets whose appreciation is uncertain. Food management which is a major segment of MC remains with MII. Thus Project Chariot aims to give shareholders the business upside and bondholders the real-estate downside. Hence this appears to be a case of risk shifting. Shareholders stand to gain while bondholders will lose if Project Chariot is implemented. Ans. 2 This seems to be a case of ‘Cashing out’/’Wealth Transfer’ where the ‘overall’ wealth is being transferred from the bond holders to the equity holders. The following points lead us to the direction of it being a ‘wealth  transfer’ type of conflict: * Chariot will result in a loss to bondholders and a gain to shareholders as the bonds will be downgraded by rating agencies and the returns of the bondholders will be attached to a heavily indebted duty * Total Debt will become more risky, and bonds will be downgraded to ‘below investment grade’ level * MC would be divided into two separate companies. MII would do MC’s lodging, food, and facilities management businesses, whereas HMC would retain MC’s real estate holdings and its concessions on toll roads and in airports, Hence bond holders will now have a claim on only the payoffs of HMC and not MII. So, because of the above reasons ‘Project Chariot’ seems like a case of ‘Wealth Transfer’ conflict of interest. Ans. 3 We believe in the broad view of manager responsibility. We think that managers should not only consider the interests of shareholders but also the interests of bondholders, employees, and other related parties. This responsibility is even more important in the case of a B2C company like Marriott. If they get†¦ 1. If the Project Chariot is implemented i.e. Marriott is divided into 2 companies Marriott International(MI) with the risk free profit generating operating hotel and service business while the other Host Marriott(HM) a would own Marriott’s hotel and undeveloped real estate businesses and other non service businesses, this will affect the following players: a) Shareholders: Shareholder now have majority stake in a corporation with a lower probability of default while all the risk is transferred to debt holders. So all the risky investments are highly leveraged with bond holders exposed to the risk. On the other hand MI backed mainly by shareholders equity and performing assets and thus would be able to issue new debt increasing value for both shareholders and the corporation. Thus the shareholders would gain at the expense of bond holders and the equity value of the company would increase. b) Bondholders Bondholders had a lot to lose as according to Project Chariot almost all the debt would be assigned to HM. Given the problems in real estate and hotel markets there was a concern of HM’s ability to meet its debt payment and there was a high probability of default. This meant that the risk was issued at investment grade but now was not backed by valuable assets of the companies which were to be spun off to MI which was to be backed by equity. The value of the bonds would decline substantially and the bond holders would loose a lot of their investment. c) Management(The Mariott brothers) The management gains from the spin off since it is able to split its distressed assets from the profit driving assets and there was a new company which was not under distress thus helping them retain their management positions and start from scratch. They can concentrate on core businesses thus improving efficiency and value. d) The value of the whole company: The spin off does not create value for the company as a whole but only distributes the†¦ What: Under Project Chariot, Marriott Corporation (MC) would become two separate companies. The new company, Marriott International Incorporated (MII), would consist of MC’s lodging, food, and facilities management businesses, as well as the management of its life-care facilities. The existing company, renamed Host Marriott Corporation (HMC), would retain all MC’s real estate holdings and its concessions on toll roads and airports. Why: This project is being proposed because the economic slowdown in the late 1980s and the 1990 real estate market crash left MC owning many newly developed properties for which there were no buyers, together with a massive burden of debt. The new company (MII) would have the financial strength to raise capital in order to take advantage of investment opportunities. The existing company (HMC) would take on the newly developed properties and most of the existing debt. HMC would be valued for the chance of appreciation in the property holdings when the real estate market recovered, not on the basis of earnings, thereby reducing the pressure to sell properties at depressed prices. 2- The fiduciary duty of management is to the shareholders  because they are more than creditors; they are the actual owners of the firm. Management is entrusted with the responsibility to increase shareholder value and their main focus should be on investing in projects that accomplish that task. As stated in the case: â€Å"U.S. courts had held that corporations have no responsibilities to safeguard the interests of bondholders other than those spelled out by the terms of the bond indenture†. 3- I first looked at the initial market reaction; the change resulting from October 2, 1992 (pre-announcement) through October 7, 1992 (post-announcement). I used October 7 for my initial market reaction because in 1992 many people may have still relied on newspapers for investment information. In addition, I assessed this narrow amount of time separately because widening the range of dates used to evaluate the change in prices may allow other variables outside of Project Chariot to come into play. However, I also looked at a wider range of time [October 2, 1992 (pre-announcement) through December 31, 1992]. If you can reasonably assume no extraneous variables affected the prices during this time, widening the range of dates assessed can give an idea of the impact to prices after the initial market over/under-re†¦

Essay about Purpose of Ruth - 949 Words

The Book of Ruth, although one of the smallest books in the Old Testament, has many values displayed in its mere four chapters. Throughout the book, readers are shown the struggle of Ruth and her mother-in-law, Naomi, as they try to survive in a patriarchal world. In chapter one Ruth and Naomi’s initial endeavor is revealed. Both Naomi and Ruth’s husbands die and they are left abandoned, but together, after Ruth refuses to leave Naomi. By chapter two Naomi and Ruth have made it to Bethlehem and Ruth encounters Boaz for the first time while gleaning in his fields. Chapter three is when Ruth and Boaz start to form a romantic relationship; after Naomi tells Ruth to go to the threshing floor and lay at Boaz’ feet. Ruth obeys and when Boaz is†¦show more content†¦Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the Lord deal with my, be it ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me. (â€Å"Life Application Study Bible† 382) Ruth shows her true faith and loyalty for God, which any and every modern Christian should strive to mirror. However Rush’s loyalty is also shown for Naomi in verses sixteen through eighteen. Naomi pleads with Ruth to go back to her family. Ruth, despite the fact that she is defying Naomi, refuses to return home. Ruth unlike other biblical characters does not let her loyalty stop at merely following orders given to her. Instead Mira Morgenstern author of Ruth and the Sense of Self: Midrash and Difference comments that â€Å"Ruth affirms that she will always do what is [ethically and religiously] demanded of her, but will utilize methodologies consonant with her own judgment† (16). Ruth remains loyal to Naomi despite Naomi’s objections because Ruth is certainly doing what she thought was best for Naomi. By staying with Naomi, Ruth makes unexpected personal sacrifices. Ruth does not only remain loyal to God, but she also remains loyal to her kin even if the price s eems too steep, because she knows her God will always provide. Twenty-first-century Christians could learn many lessons from Ruth’s unwavering relinquishment for her people and her God. Ruth does not only offer loyalty but also provides Naomi with a source of stability. It can be said that Ruth takes on a man’sShow MoreRelatedRuth Is A Biblical Story1372 Words   |  6 PagesRuth is a Biblical story loved by many. A story of God’s unexpected plan panning out in a style that only He could come up with inspires many to trust His direction. The movie, titled The Story of Ruth, conveys this message though the movie does not always adhere to perfect Biblical accuracy. The addition of certain events and characters enhances the movie’s appeal, yet distracts from the factual account presented in the Bible. The movie begins with Ruth being sold for service to Chemosh in orderRead MoreThe Book Ruth 1024 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Blais Pastor Dave Delacruz Old Testament NELC 2015-2016 The Book of Ruth History is something that every human being must refer to and it cannot be helped. It does not matter if you work in fashion design, an artist in an art studio, or working for an automobile company such as Ford; we all reference what the past has taught us. It is foolish to press forward and not look back to discover how others achieved great heights, or to prevent great tragedy and disaster. No one wants to see anotherRead MoreIn the Mist of A Storm: The Book of Ruth Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesdissertation will explore the book of Ruth and challenge the reader to see Gods glory in the mist of a storm. What storm you might ask? I will explain that in just few paragraphs, but before we look closely at the details of the book will take some time to comprehend the key characters that makeup the book of Ruth. Will also review what I believe to be their purpose for being intricately woven into this great revelation of Gods grace and mercy. The Characters of the book of Ruth The protagonist of this storyRead MoreThe Book of Ruth Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Book of Ruth Ruth is a story about loyalty, love, and faith. The simple love story is a key to understanding the plan of God for love, and marriage as revealed in the scripture. So simple, yet so powerful when understood, this book is dedicated to the scriptural explanation ofRead MoreBible Dictionary Project Essay668 Words   |  3 Pagesdescendants of Abraham. Ruth The book of Ruth writer or author was anonymous, however the possibly author could be Nathan. The date it was written was between 1020-1000 BC. The timeline of this book is interweaved throughout the period of the Judges. The key characters or personalities include Ruth, Naomi, and Boaz. The book of Ruth is a narrative love story. The book of Ruth is a story of Ruth and Boaz and it exemplifies the theory of redemption. The purpose of the book was to exhibit theRead MoreOld Testament Bible Dictionary Project1024 Words   |  5 PagesDICTIONARY PROJECT Tania Clark L28322086 BIBL 104: B51 10/01/2016 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Ruth The book of Ruth is a book about sacrifice, faith, patience, love, kindness, restoration, and fruitfulness. The basic literary is narrative and the authorship is believed to be Samuel written between 1020 – 1000 BC. The main personalities of this book are Ruth, Naomi, and Boaz. The Book of Ruth is about how a man named Elimelech takes his wife Naomi and their two sons Mahlon and Chilion fromRead MoreGood and Bad Doctors935 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding our disease and treatment. Ruth Westheimer shows that she’s a good doctor by caring about her patients and being honest, whereas Josef Mengele lied and performed certain procedures on patients that were crucial. Ruth Westheimer and Dr. Josef Mengele both have an education yet, Dr. Mengele lacks the same ethics and honesty towards patients. Ruth Westheimer grew up in the Wake of the Great Depression, and out of the economic ruin grew Nazism and Hitler. When Ruth was 17 World War II ended andRead MoreThe Controversy Concerning The Ethics Of Human Cloning1008 Words   |  5 Pagesclone?† by establishing that humanity is more than the way one enters the world and by highlighting the unethical issues that may arise from cloning. Never Let Me Go illustrates the humanity of the cloned characters - Kathy, Tommy, and Ruth - as they attempt to determine the roles they play in the world. The film begins by introducing the characters when they were children attending Hailsham School. Just like ‘normal’ children, they seek companionship from each other and in the processRead MoreThe Color of Water: a Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother960 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Crawford English 102 14 April 2011 The Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother James McBride was born in 1957 to Ruth and Dennis McBride and was raised in Brooklyn’s Red Hook projects with his eleven brothers and sisters (Bodhos 2). In 1997 McBride’s bestselling memoir The Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother was published. The story is uniquely written in double voice with chapters alternating between chapters as the author recountsRead MoreRole of Ruth and Esther in the Bible1372 Words   |  6 Pagesexplains their role as women in the Book of Ruth and the Book of Esther, from the Hebrew bible. Ruth and Esther are stories of heroines; the contrast in the purposes of Ruth and Esther sharply distinguishes the books. The Book of Ruth basic plot is as follows: The prologue tells us how Naomi, her husband and two sons went to Moab, where her sons married. Eventually, Naomi’s husband and sons died, and she decided to return to Bethlehem in Judea (Ruth 1:1-7). In the first act, Naomi tells her

Dirty Facts About Apa Research Paper Format Example Uncovered

Dirty Facts About Apa Research Paper Format Example Uncovered Lies You've Been Told About Apa Research Paper Format Example It's possible to also describe the range of your research. If needed, you can supply the list of the principal keywords of your paper, it is going to help different people should they need to locate your work in internet databases but you ought to use only keywords that describe your research in a suitable way. In the era of the net, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the net and on university intranet search facilities. The ideal place to begin your research is on the internet since it will provide you direct details. There are two sorts of in-text citations. A consistent structure ought to be used in the key headings and the subheadings. Please be aware that the 4 forms of headings and the numbering systems employed for them is given just for the very first chapter. You can bold the principa l headings and highlight the subheadings to produce your document appear neat. Research Paper preparation means handling a whole lot of information. The framework of the way to write research papers have turned into the most distinguishable portion of each formatting standard. General formatting guidelines rarely differ from one another in several frameworks. In Microsoft Word, it's simple to set double-spacing for the entire document. Whispered Apa Research Paper Format Example Secrets As soon as your order is placed you can be certain of a brilliant bit of work. You will be happy you filled up the purchase form. Your document may have an intricate structure, especially in the event the main body will be big. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Apa Research Paper Format Example Secrets That No One Else Knows About Paper Wizard the quickest way to find that paper done and find a great grade. Your paper need s to be double spaced. Then write the abstract part of your paper only after you're completely finished writing your paper. The whole paper gets simple and convenient to read for everybody. There are various points to think about in order to reach a great research paper by means of either a grid paper template or a lined paper template, based on your preference or the research requirement. Possessing a best outline increases the odds of you presenting a research paper that's well written. If you read an illustration of APA paper, you can observe that running heads aren't always mandatory. New Questions About Apa Research Paper Format Example Most reports have a minumum of one appendix section to make it possible for you to include data, figures and calculations without breaking the stream of the principal body of the report. The table of content section is regarded as highly crucial in writing various kinds of academic and non-academic reports. You have the ability to write only its major sections or present a thorough plan with several subsections. To conserve space in the examples, just the first section of the outline will demonstrate the correct spacing. Th ere's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. If you're not certain how to then ask the computer department for aid. So long as you're consistent and include all the info that will make it possible for somebody else to replicate your research then it ought not matter. Personal information is one other way to acquire information. APA format is usually utilised in the social sciences. It is popular among students due to its simple guidelines and approach. It will help you to organize your paper well. Utilizing APA format means you're following an internationally acceptable writing style to which the majority of the readers are extremely familiar also. You may probably be aware that the structure of some academic papers is dependent on both formatting and variety of paper. If your instructor offers you the APA guidelines then great for you. The papers could be rejected if they don't apply the APA format. Apa papers are often broken into sections. If you are able to locate an essay associated with your subject, you can rewrite it to accelerate the practice. You should have a synopsis of your research in the debut of your report since it will supply a non-specialist with a fast history of the area. To ease your work, you can use various on-line citation generation tools along with essay templates in APA. Relevant journals you've been reading are also a great guide. Choosing Apa Research Paper Format Example The APA style table of content appears to be quite professional and well-edited in the event of following all the needs of the template. Examine examples of such works to comprehend how to write them and what style you oug ht to use for formatting them. The style may vary somewhat between different department (including the style of references), but it's mostly similar. Make certain you rely on the conventional font style and size. What Does Apa Research Paper Format Example Mean? You might also see book outline. You can also see essay outline. You could also see chapter outline. You could also see biography outline.

Examples Of Attainment Of The American Dream In The Great...

The Attainment of The American Dream within The Great Gatsby For much of its existence, the Human race’s goal has been to obtain the most money so that they may gloat about everything they have and make a place for themselves at the top of the social ladder. In 1920’s, wealth was the fundamental way of claiming your place in the world. This was shown by the characters of The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. This book features the battles to create a happy life for yourself and all the mess in between. Undeterred by heritage, race, and class you can obtain the American Dream through perseverance and commitment to your work. In the novel, Gatsby shows perseverance through his relationship with Daisy Buchanan. She was an old†¦show more content†¦Nick is quoted saying â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd...you’re worth the whole damn bunch put together.† Nick is referring to Gatsby, this shows the kind of love Nick has for Gatsby. In the end, Gatsby is shot and Nick is left shattered. Firstly, because he has just lost a dear friend, and he gets a glance as to whom truly cared for Gatsby. Which was in fact no one but Nick himself. Nick is left torn as to whether or not he should forget all about Gatsby and his situations in New York or remember Gatsby for the bond they shared and what an impact he had made on Nick’s life. In today’s times many would say the American Dream is to have a comfortable lifestyle. In order for this to be achieved it is fundamental to have an education. This consists of going to grade school, high school, then to a university, college, or technical school. Now you may seek out a person in high school such as myself and ask the question, â€Å"Do you feel that you need to have great perseverance in order to graduate from your schooling?† I can almost guarantee that any person would respond with a strong â€Å"YES!† The average teenager needs about 8 hours of sleep to be fully functional and restored from the previous day. Many students juggle the responsibilities of a job, at home duties, schooling, and a social life, leaving not much time for their bodies and minds to reboot. This is where the perseverance part would come intoShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is a philosophy based off of starting from nothing and achieving family, fortune, and fame. The belief that self-determination and hard work will lead to the attainment of the American Dream is strongly tied with the American culture. This philosophical idea, however, is not portrayed in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which is often referred to as one of the â€Å"Great American Novels† to date. In terms, a â€Å"Great American Novel† should portray an honest and well-rememberedRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ seems to suggest that Gatsby s rags-to-riches success story makes him an embodiment of the American Dream. However, upon deeper of his character has yielded that there are aspects of Jay Gatsby that call into question his so called success. As a result, I have concluded that F.Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, although still displays the overarching theme that is the American Dre am it, in fact, portrays ‘The disintegration of the American dream’ through the characterRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1130 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning to the mind of the readers. The reader is forced to think, make connections, and succeed in adding a new meaning to the novel. F. Scott Fitzgerald is a master of hiding deeper meanings behind a text as clearly showcased in the novel The Great Gatsby. The â€Å"iceberg theory† describes that only around 20% of the story is directly revealed through text. In comparison to an actual iceberg, that is usually the portion of the floating ice mountain that is visible above water. The other 80% of theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1413 Words   |  6 PagesEverybody has dreams, and everybody must deal with reality – that is the nature of life. A dream can be defined as something imagined, an ambition or an ideal, and reality is the term assigned to all things real. Humans, by our very nature, are ambitious, ever pursuing our dreams, our deepest desires. It is the very purpose of life to make our goals our aspirations, real. Therefore it is the nature of life to live through reality and to dream. It is fitting, then, that many texts have beenRead MoreThe American Dream By F. Scott Fitzgerald And Death Of A Salesman Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesProminent American writer and historian James Truslow Adams once wrote, â€Å"The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. In both The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the main characters search for the achievement of the American dream in themselves and the world around them. While the American dream is defined differently for theRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - A Life Foolishly Lived1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby:  Ã‚  A Life Foolishly Lived  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Released in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby cleverly demonstrates the manners and morals commonly practiced throughout the time period. The plot revolves around several main themes and effectively expresses Fitzgerald’s unique perspective. With an objective standpoint, Nick Carraway narrates the story as Jay Gatsby, a foolish racketeer, tries to win over his lifelong love, Daisy Buchanan. Although pecuniary matters canRead More Comparing the Perversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1642 Words   |  7 PagesPerversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Throughout History there are many examples of perversions, from sexual, social to the very morals themselves. One of the greatest examples is the continuous corruption of the American Dream. As the Dream evolves, it tends to conform to the illicit dealings of the time and immortals of society. No longer is an individual interested in working hard to achieve goals, it is desirous of the quick fix. Society wants its wishesRead MoreAt First Glance F. Scott Fitzgerald’S Book The Great Gatsby1190 Words   |  5 Pagesbook The Great Gatsby is a simple love story that is eventually brought to a tragic end by a disillusioned man seeking vengeance. Additionally, one can easily see that this love story is intermingled with many interesting and ironic elements including prestige, wealth, vanity, and ultimately, tragedy. However, when one delves deeper into the precepts of this book, one will easily see that it is full of symbolic language that represents a disheartening, fatalistic view of the American Dream. Once thisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1190 Words   |  5 Pagesbook The Great Gatsby is a simple love story that is eventually brought to a tragic end by a disillusioned man seeking vengeance. Additionally, one can easily see that this love story is intermingled with many interesting and ironic elements including prestige, wealth, vanity, and ultimately tragedy. However, when one delves deeper into the precepts of this book, one will easily see that it is full of symbolic language that represents a disheartening, fatalistic view of the American Dream. Once thisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2017 Words   |  9 PagesHonors American Literature January 7, 2015 Written in 1925, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald follows Jay Gatsby in his quest to win back Daisy Buchanan, the love he lost five years earlier. Gatsby’s endeavor leads him from poverty to wealth, and eventually to death. The novel presents a clear picture of 1920’s culture in America, where people’s idea of the American Dream is simply riches and fame. The American Dream is the fundamental force which drives most characters in The Great Gatsby, but

Computers and Ethics in the Workplace Example For Students

Computers and Ethics in the Workplace This paper discusses issues with ethics that have derived in the workplace as a result of the use of business computers. The definition of computer ethics is simple; they are a set of moral principles that intend to help with the regulation of the use of computers. Some common problems with computer ethics consist of privacy concerns, intellectual property rights, and the way computers have an effect on people. In other words, computer ethics refers to the ways people take ethical traditions and test, stretch, apply, negotiate and break in the realm of computer technology. As technology continues to evolve, there are a great deal of ethical issues and principles of behavior concerning privacy and accurateness for managerial leaders to deal with. In finding the issues of ethics that the Technology Age has brought to the workplace, organizations must be hands-on when it is time to highlight ethical use of technology by employees. Making sure that employees are knowledgeable on the proper policies the organization has on computer ethics. Promoting good computer ethics is a great way for companies to keep morale high and unnecessary issues from arising in the workplace. Introduction As technology like computers progresses, they will continue to contain a larger impact on people in today’s society. For that reason, computer ethics supports the how some debate on just how much influence computers need to have in human communication. With computers evolving constantly, ethical standards will continue to be constructed by computer ethics and will always have newer concerns that come from recent technology. With the new changes in technology like computers, more supervisors are coping with having to manager employees for proper use of company computers; they have to stay informed of all new ethical problems and the laws that were created to enforce ethics with workers.   These are problematic areas, particularly with the arrival of the World Wide Web. To date, there have been problems with employees using company computers for purposes other than work. This subject has become more of a problem in today’s society and has been addressed by employers through monitoring computer usage, creating written policies, and enforcing other tactics to teach and inflict the ethics of computer use to employees at all levels. This paper topic was inspired through my own experience of an employer who felt that productivity was lower than past years, due to employees who utilized the Internet for reasons other than work. Today, we have monitored email and they are able to tell what Internet sites we visit daily and the duration of the time we are on that site. I must say as an employee, I felt violated for not being able to utilize the Internet throughout the day, as I am someone who still gets my work done each day no matter what. But I can see their reasoning behind and cannot blame them for keeping an eye out. Current Situation Ethics is a set of truthful principles that oversee the actions of people. As a result, computer ethics goes hand in hand with ethics with the intention to control how employees use computers. Often times, frequent issues with computer ethics consist of privacy concerns, intellectual property rights, and the way computers have an effect on people. In other words, computer ethics refers to the ways people take ethical traditions and test, stretch, apply, negotiate and break in the realm of computer technology. A current study shows how computers are making a heavy affect on ethics at work.   One study said that almost half of the people they polled said they have participated in some kind of unethical act that relates to computers at work in the last 12 months. Another study found that one out of six working people believes conventional thoughts of moral and immoral have been superseded by new technologies (Websense and Saratoga Institute). These days, its almost impossible for one to keep up with how fast technology advances and has a significant influence on how we do business these days. Corporations, management and employees have to be able to keep up with the changing times in order to be competitive in their profession. The Internet creates an interesting predicament, with many employees utilizing it at work on a daily. The main concern is whether communication and information by way of the Internet should be monitored; this concerns both business and personal communications at work. This issue of employees and the Internet at work is a concern of many employers and managers, because in most cases it affects productivity. These days some employees have taken the use of Internet at work to an even more unethical level of viewing explicit content on work computers and this raises even more red flags for work computers to be monitored and have restrictions. The United States Congress created the Communications Decency Act of 1996 to help with regulating pornographic things on the Internet. In 1997, changes were made to the Act and Title V of the Communications Decency Act affected the Internet and online communications. The most notorious portions of this Act were the ones that related to unsuitable content online. The significant part of the Act was initiated in reply to worries that Internet pornography was becoming an issue to society. If the government could find a way to really enforce inappropriate material on the Internet like pornography, would definitely help to decrease the amount of staff who find it ok to do such an outlandish thing with work property (Myers 2006). The impact of employees using work computers and the Internet for reasons other than work related tasks could affect a company tremendously. Some disadvantages to the company would face, includes: o The level of productivity to decrease o Risking protection of classified company information o Losing assets like computers and other company equipment o Risking the protection of the entity and company status When it comes to employee privacy, many argue that it’s a violation for them to be monitored at work, but below are three examples of companies taking action from monitoring employees: †¢ Dow Chemical fired about a great deal of employees and regimented 200 employees for an investigation that discovered employees emailed inappropriate images from company technology. (â€Å"Dow Chemical Fires 50 Over Offensive Emailâ€Å", 2000) †¢ Xerox also let go of 40 employees for taking up too much of work time to look at pornographic websites and partake in online shopping on the Web. (â€Å"Dow Chemical Fires 50 Over Offensive Emailâ€Å", 2000) †¢ The New York Times terminated 22 staff members last year for allegedly distributing offensive emails. (Dow Chemical Fires 50 Over Offensive Emailâ€Å", 2000) In reply to company worries, H.R. 4908 Notice of Electronic Monitoring Act was introduced to Congress on July 20, 2000 to deal with employees and their privacy. A projected law states: â€Å"Any employee who intentionally, by any electronic means, reads, listens to, or otherwise monitors any wire communication, oral communication, or electronic communication of an employee of the employer, or otherwise monitors the computer usage of an employee of the employer, without having provided the employee notice†¦ shall be liable to the employee for relief†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Notice of Electronic Monitoring Act†, 2000) Options An employer has the right to view company property like computers, to check computer usage, e-mails, etc. Some options for employers could be to include guidelines in an employment handbook or contract. Even though there is nothing set in stone, but in most cases an employer can screen how company workers use computers, unless prohibited or restricted by law. Some options may include dividing office desk in sections of cubicles so that no employee feels private enough to want to utilize the wrong content on a work computer. In an office an employee is able to close a door and blinds to do who knows what on their work computer. Another option may be to scan emails randomly, or limit that amount of places on the Internet that can be accessed from a work computer. Another option may be to make all employees sign a pledge that they agree to not abuse work computers for personal reasons. Recommendations Monitoring staff at work seems to be more effective with the amplified accessibility of low-cost monitoring technology. Some recommendations that may be used in an employee surveillance system are below: .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .postImageUrl , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:hover , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:visited , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:active { border:0!important; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:active , .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01 .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u621ac5267f3a0e69694efbce98e77a01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multiculturalism in music Essay Workplace searches-Companies have the right to search property of the business that includes: filing cabinets, lockers, desks and office documents, without permission from their employees. However, it is best for the employer not seem threatening or unlawful. Camera Monitoring-Employers can install surveillance systems in and throughout the company buildings unless prohibited by State law. Polygraph Testing-May not be the best option because this is prohibited in certain states. However, if it is acceptable, the staff member may have a right to decline without receiving discrimination or reprisal by the employer. For employees, I would recommend: o Keep online activity at work to a minimum o Keep away from websites that you know are not appropriate from work o Never send an email that you wouldn’t mind your boss reading one day o Always be professional and remember your main reason for your position at your place of employment o Please be mindful that many employers may not even mention that they monitor their employee’s activities and just because you don’t know, don’t assume it doesn’t happen. Conclusion In today’s society, technology plays in big role in the day-to-day operation of a company. Employees utilize computers for e-mail communication, research, document editing, file storage and so much more. One thing that is becoming more of an issue within companies is the unethical acts that employees do on their computers at work. It is essential that an employer stresses to their employees that making the decision to misuse n a work computer or network is wrong and in some cases, employees will be punished for their actions. A good way for employers to boost office morale and keep employees from not doing their job to their fullest potential is to live by a code of ethics that stresses creating value and everything a company stands for This is what employees can reference when making good decisions at work when it comes to utilizing computers properly for their job. References Bresnahan, T. and S. Greestein (2001), The Economic Contribution of Information Technology: Towards Comparative and User Studies, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 11, 95-118. Case, C.J. and Young, K.S. (2002) Employee Internet Use Policy: An Examination of Perceived Effectiveness. Issues in Information Systems. 3(1): 82-88 â€Å"Notice of Electronic Monitoring Act – H.R. 4908†. United States House of Representatives, 106th Congress. (July 20, 2000).Available at http://thomas.loc.gov/. Mason, R. â€Å"Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age†. MIS Quarterly, vol. 10 no. 1. (1996). Websense and Saratoga Institute. Survey on Internet Misuse in the Workplace. March 2000:1-6. Myers, Ken S. (Fall 2006), Wikimmunity: Fitting the Communications Decency Act to Wikipedia, Harvard Journal of Law Technology 20: 163 â€Å"Dow Chemical Fires 50 Over Offensive Email†. The Associated Press. (July 28, 2000)Available at http://news.cnet.com/news//0-1007-200 2372621.html?tag=st.cn.sr.ne.1 Collier, J. and R. Esteban (2007).Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Business Ethics: A European Review 16(1). 19–33. Davidson, K. (2005). Business Ethics. Ethics. J. K. Roth. California, Salem Press Inc.: 181–187.

Speech Pathology As A Career Essay Research free essay sample

Speech Pathology As A Career Essay, Research Paper For the many people afflicted with a address hindrance, there frequently seems to be small hope. Many of these people are ridiculed as kids, or cast out of society as a immature grownup. Many are sent to physicians and specializers who try to find what is? incorrect? with them. On juncture, they will run into a individual who can assist them, and finally, alter their life for the better. This individual is a speech patholgist. As one adult female, the female parent of three, said: ? I think the one thing I would wish to do certain this articles says is that address therapy is good worth the clip invested, that these services are decidedly out at that place? ( Greene ) . One of the most rewarding, digesting, and spread outing professions is speech pathology. Speech pathology is a new profession. It is besides a slightly controversial one. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Pathology As A Career Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many believe that it has its virtues ; nevertheless there are a few noisy people who believe that address pathology is a useless aspiration. They believe that kids enduring from a address upset will finally turn out of it. However, that goes along with the district of being a comparatively new medical profession. It foremost surfaced in the late fortiess, after World War II. Many soldiers returned from the frontlines with caput lesions that limited address. Teachers, brain doctors, and other physicians wanted to assist the injured work forces, and a profession was born ( Enderby and Emerson 1 ) . Speech diagnosticians work with people who can non talk clearly or at all. They besides work with people who have jobs with get downing and eating. Working with a address diagnostician may be an audiologist, who works with the hearing impaired ( Price ) . The address diagnostician attempts to happen what the perpetrator of a patient? s address job might be. These jobs include rhythm jobs, r ough voices, and jobs with groking the linguistic communication. Speech pathologists evaluate the patient? s demands by utilizing formal trials to detect his or her ability to do sound. Once they have identified a job, the address diagnostician begins intervention. The address diagnostician will utilize? unwritten stimulation, activities that develop linguistic communication and address accomplishments, and the pattern of articulation, instructions in external respiration, and sound support? ( Hirsch ) . Speech diagnosticians work with both kids and grownups. The patients frequently suffer from a broad assortment of jobs: tardily development, cleft roof of the mouth, hearing loss, mental deceleration, encephalon harm, shot, or emotional jobs ( Reich 177 ) . It is of import that kids with suspected address upsets be screened early because research has shown that these upsets can take to larning disablements later in life ( Kalb and Namuth ) . The aged frequently need assistance as th eir hearing diminutions with age. Address diagnosticians, besides called address healers, run many different trials on their patients. Once the trials have yielded a sufficient consequence ( adequate to do a diagnosing ) , the address diagnostician will make interventions for the patient. These may include verbal games. The speech diagnostician may hold the patient work with organizing right sounds, or they might work with take a breathing forms. Sometimes the job is psychological, and so the address healer will non merely work with the patient and their verbal accomplishments, but he or she might convey in another physician. The address diagnostician is a member of a group working together for the good of the patient. This group might include: head-shrinkers, psychologists, brain doctors, otolarynologist, and societal workers ( Anderson and Snyder ) . Speech diagnosticians can non be impatient, random people. A speech diagnostician must be a caring individual. His or her bosom must be filled with compassion and love, but besides with finding and intense concentration. A address diagnostician is person that truly wants to give to another individual. The address diagnostician might even experience commiseration for the patient, but that is non what is needed. A crisp sense of way and deep concentration on the advancement of each and every person is critical non merely for the success of the patient but for the address diagnostician, excessively. He or she must possess a good sense of objectiveness, and must non be frustrated by slow advancement. A speech diagnostician needs a acute oculus for inside informations. These inside informations are frequently the keys to assisting a individual unlock his or her voice. A speech diagnostician should be able to advocate his or her patient and the patient? s household. One must non merely be a healer, but a friend, a function theoretical account, and a confidante. Bing a address diagnostician is one of the most rewarding callings available. After passing one? s clip, attempt, and concentration on a individual, a address diagnostician gets to see the terminal consequence. Watching a diffident kid become one of the most articulate pupils in category, or seeing a hubby state his married woman that he still loves her is about payment adequate. ? Sing firsthand the rehabilitation of kids and grownups with hearing and address jobs? is something that affects the psyche ( Kleman 227 ) . Bing able to hold helped that individual along the manner warms the bosom of even the cruelest adult male. In order to harvest the wagess of address pathology, one must first finish high school, and so travel to college. During high school, one should hold a strong background in scientific discipline. If it is at all possible, an draw a bead oning address diagnostician should besides take categories in psychological science. Upon entryway of college most will obtain an undergraduate grade. Surveies should include anatomy, biological science, physiology, natural philosophies, and address related countries: linguistics, semantics, and phonetics ( Hopke 638 ) . The address pathology major should besides take classs in psychological science and acoustics. Graduate preparation is made up of five general subjects: the development of linguistic communications, address and hearing ; rating of patients ; the nature of address jobs ; research techniques ; and intervention ( Gregory 773 ) . After attendin g college and graduating with a grade, the new speech diagnostician must go through a written test to be licensed. This test, given by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association ( ASHA ) , is known as the Certificate of Competence. ASHA is an organisation, similar to a labour brotherhood, made up by address diagnosticians and audiologists. It is nearing the 90,000 grade in members ( Danser ) . The Certificate of Competence is critical and compulsory in most instances. All of these members have non merely passed the trial, but besides have had a yearlong internship. Speech diagnosticians must hold 300-375 hours of clinical experience before licensing, which is compulsory in 36 provinces ( Hopke 638 ) . ? With such a strong accent on instruction, practical experience, and licensure, entrants to this field must work long and hard? ( Princeton ) . A speech diagnostician must be able to concentrate on all of his or her surveies, because each and every fact he or she learns will be p ut to later usage. Address diagnosticians are in high demand. Jobs chances for address diagnosticians are on the rise. Registration has doubled at schools offering speech pathology as a major. Fontbonne College, in Missouri, says that one hundred per centum of their alumnuss are employed ( Tucci ) . This tendency is expected to go on. In fact, due to the ripening of America, peculiarly of its Baby Boomers, many more speech diagnosticians will be needed by the twelvemonth 2000. Approximately the demand will be for more than 15,000 new address diagnosticians ( Kleman 226 ) . ? About half of the new occupations originating through the terminal of the decennary are expected to be in address and hearing clinics? ? ( Hopke 639 ) . This is really good for the people in this line of work. About half of all address diagnosticians work within the school scene. The other diagnosticians work in infirmaries, clinics, or with place wellness attention services. The fastest turning country of address pathology is that of the private pattern. The address diagnosticians in schools work with kids, from simple through high school degrees. Address diagnosticians that work in more of a medical background pass their clip with kids besides, but they do a batch of work with older individuals. Speech pathologists working in medical installations trade with caput injury and more terrible signifiers of address upsets than the address diagnostician located at the local simple school. Speech pathologists work about 40 hours a hebdomad. While researching, a address diagnostician might be on the occupation for a much longer period of clip. Most available occupations offer typical benefit peripheries. These include sick leave, paid holidaies, and retirement plans ( Hopke ) . Address diagnosticians that work in schools earn about $ 30,000.00 a twelvemonth upon go outing college. After some experience, the mean pay is about $ 38,000.00. Address diagnosticians that work in infirmaries or clinics make around $ 38,000.00 get downing out, but after a few old ages of work, they earn about $ 42,000.00. In place wellness attention services, a address diagnostician earns about $ 50,000.00 yearly ( Bacon ) . As the addition for speech diagnosticians grows, the wage will probably travel with it. Diane Crow, a address diagnostician that works for the Lumpkin County School System, does non repent her determination on calling pick at all. After obtaining a Bachelor? s grade in psychological science, Ms. Crow went into the Speech-Language Pathology plan at the University of Southern Florida. She knew the manager of Speech-Language Pathology surveies. The manager was ever seeking to acquire Ms. Crow to fall in in his categories. When she eventually did, she decided to acquire her Master? s in address pathology. Ms. Crow studied most of the antecedently listed classs required to have a address pathology grade at nowadays. Ms. Crow believes that a address diagnostician must be able to organize good IEP? s ; which are? particular plans made to run into each person kid? s demands? ( Crow ) . A speech diagnostician must be originative, and be able to manage tonss of paperwork. Ms. Crow prefers working with younger people. They are frequently times more willing to work than a more elde rly person. The paper work and tough programming are the nerve-racking facets of her occupation. Although this does set emphasis on her, it is honoring to? see discharged kids rectifying all of their sounds? ( Crow ) . Her advice towards an draw a bead oning address diagnostician is really enlightening and helpful. She says that while one is gaining his or her clinical hours, to make the work in a assortment of puting with a assortment of people and ages. Speech pathology is a calling that has its ups and downs. Although it is nerve-racking, it is besides one that makes non merely the patient smiling, but the instructor, every bit good. The hours spent working with persons are frequently really honoring. The categories are tough and will go on to be so, likely more hard due to the turning involvement of speech pathology as a profession. One must hold willpower and a sincere involvement in speech pathology in order to base on balls and larn all that he or she needs to cognize. Jobs are besides traveling to be readily available for address diagnosticians. There will decidedly be gaps in this hereafter, which is good due to the recent addition in fight in the occupation market. Speech pathology is a field that will ever be interesting. As clip goes on, more and more will be known about address and its upsets. Possibly there will be much simpler interventions in the hereafter. Speech diagnosticians must be invariably larning, non merely f rom periodicals and texts, but besides for the people around them and their patients. The ultimate occupation of the address diagnostician is to assist people with address jobs. The diagnostician can make this through a figure of ways. He or she must measure and turn to a huge array of jobs. By making this the address diagnostician will hold a calling that is giving of his or herself to another individual. In a bantam manner address diagnosticians help humanity. 33f

Free Communication Disorders Essay

Free Communication Disorders Essay Communication Disorders Communication is really a complex cognitive activity. The act of communicating takes either the verbal or the non-verbal feature or combines both. Communication skills are developmental and they are composed of a number of components. Communication includes pragmatics, which is the social use of language and semantics, which is the understanding of words. Statistics show that between 7% and 14% of worlds children have difficulties in the acquisition of some or all of these normal language skills. Delayed language acquisition is a common problem in children at the early stages of development. From many cases reported in medical centres within United States, deficits in socialisation, non-verbal communication, and several unusual and persistent behaviours are features existent in many children in the states. It is the pervasiveness and persistence of the respective deficits that differentiate children suffering from autism with those having specific language developmental disorders. However, early therapy referral is beneficial in both cases. Barnard (2004) argued that children with considerable language disorders could present actually with some autistic features. This may diminish as they grow up and improve their language and communication skills. It is notable that in children less than 2 years of age, it is very difficult to distinguish what the child is suffering from between autism and non-autistic symptoms. At such an age, it is more significant to identify the specific areas that need improvements and provide reasonable intervention than to literally wait for a diagnosis. Reviewing the childs progress and performing diagnosis from time to time is the key to developing solutions for improvements on communication disorders (Barnard, 2004). Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is in use mostly when describing the range of behavioural phenotype as well as severities part of the continuum from literally normal to disordered communication development, interests and socialisation. ASD generally includes atypical autism, autistic disorder, Aspergers disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Ward (1999) named some characteristics of autistic disorder as qualitative impairment in general communication and social interaction. Other features include repetitive and stereotyped patterns of interests, behaviour and activities. These features are present in all autistic individuals but clinical manifestation as well as functional disability varies depending on age, co morbidity, linguistic and cognitive ability, family and social environment. A communication disorder on the other hand differs a lot with autism. It is like a language disorder with an impaired ability in an individual to understand or share with others the feelings and ideas. It is also revealed mostly in impairment to comprehend written or spoken language. Some of the features of a communication disorder include speech disorder. This is the difficulty in production of speech correctly provoking the use of voice. Stuttering is also a part of the communication disorder. It is signalled by an interruption of speech flow. The other major characteristic of a communication disorder and not autism is Voice. This is the speech quality for instance nasality, hoarseness or volume (Fletcher, 2000). Behaviour is something crucial in determining whether it is communication disorder or autism. There are common weird behaviours when a child has autism very different from when with communication disorder. Lining up of objects like toy cars repetitively, walking on toes most of the time, flapping wings repeatedly when exited and looking at objects with the corner of the eye are some of the weird behaviours that are an alarm to autism. They may be normal if a child only does it occasionally. However, repeated behaviour should draw your concern because it is a possible symptom of autism. Parents anxious to know and develop a distinction of communication disorder and autism have very many questions running through their heads. Some possible questions that are likely a feature of their concern include: What is mild autism? Between autism and communication disorder, which is the most serious? Which one between autism and communication disorder is the patient capable of recovering fast? What are some of the behaviours in an autistic or non-autistic child? How can one measure the prevalence of autism? What are some of the interventions applicable in handling communication disorders Do communication disorders have any side effects to the patient Identification of autism requires some form of developmental surveillance. Routine developmental surveillance is effective in identifying children with a likelihood of developing autism disorders. Some of the instruments used include Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), stages, ages questionnaire, and screens series. Another mode of assessment would be a follow up of any regression in language as well as socialisation skills noted in hand before 18 months of childs age. There are other medical assessments including screening tests that involve serum lead level iron and folate levels, a full blood count, and vitamin B12 levels, thyroid function tests, a urine metabolic screen and creatine kinase level (Ward, 1999). Behaviour is an area under scrutiny when identifying the autism problem. In this case, you will have to refer the child to a speech therapist. He expresses concerns on the childs general development and other unusual behaviours. The challenge is the way the speech therapists handles the child yet he is not used to him. The therapist might diagnose wrongly, when the childs receptiveness is because of reaction to a stranger but not in reality autism. The assessment of behaviour to determine the condition of the child is also challenging because it might not produce valid results. Assumptions that aggression and self-injury are reactions because of autism is wrong, the reactions might be emanating from other stimulants in the childs biological system.